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HIS 140: Early American History

About Citations

Citations consist of standard elements, and contain all the information necessary to identify and track down publications, including:

  • author name(s)
  • titles of books, articles, and journals
  • date of publication
  • page numbers
  • volume and issue numbers (for articles)

It doesn't matter where you get the information you are using- When in doubt cite it:

  • Direct Quotes
  • Paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material)
  • Ideas from another work
  • Graphs, diagrams, drawings

You do not need to cite:

  • Proverbs, sayings example
  • Common knowledge or facts*

*Widely-known, generally-accepted information that is not attributable to one source.

Citations may look different, depending on what is being cited and which style was used to create them.  The citation style usually depends on the academic discipline involved.

Chicago Manual of Style Format

 For your HIS 140 research assignments, you are required to cite your sources using the Chicago Manual of Style.